Hope for pediatric salivary gland cancers: Supporting early detection, life-saving research
Salivary gland cancers are rare in children, representing less than 1% of childhood cancers in the U.S.; however, they are one of the most common types of head and neck (HN) cancers in pediatrics. As leaders in the field, the Pediatric Head and Neck (HN) Cancer Foundation is pleased to provide trusted information to empower other clinicians as well as family members and advocates. There is power in this knowledge, as, too often, HN cancers affecting children are treated the same as adult HN cancers. We know and appreciate that children are not little adults; they have distinctive pathophysiological, anatomical, psychosocial, and other needs that differ from those of their older counterparts. The information we provide and the research and efforts we advance and support are centered on the unique needs of children with these challenging cancers.
What are salivary gland cancers?
These cancers originate in the salivary glands, which make and release saliva and the enzymes and antibodies that aid in healthy digestion and protection against mouth and throat infections. The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands and they are situated just in front of and slightly below the ears. Cancers may also start in the sublingual and submandibular glands under the tongue and below the jawbone.
What causes these tumors in children?
There is still much to learn about the exact causes of salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients, highlighting the ongoing need for research focused on children. At their core, changes in how salivary gland cells function, grow, and divide into new cells are to blame. Radiation exposure and the autoimmune disorder Sjogren’s syndrome are the only factors known to put children at increased risk of these malignancies.
How do salivary gland cancers present in kids?
Our organization prioritizes improving tools and guidelines to support the early detection of these cancers, as they are often diagnosed too late. By that time, the tumor has grown bigger. Of course, we want to find these tumors earlier, when they are smaller, easier to treat, and have not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Generally, you may notice a bump near your child’s ears, cheeks, jaws, lips, or inside of their mouth. These lumps may not hurt. So, again, your child may not complain about anything that would set off alarm bells. Other common symptoms include facial pain, numbness, and weakness. As the cancer continues to grow, it can affect how your child opens their mouth and swallowing patterns.
Are there any widely accepted treatments for these cancers in pediatric patients?
The most common treatment is surgical excision/removal of the salivary gland. Radiation therapy may also follow surgery to prevent cancer cells from growing. For recurrent cancers, targeted therapies with medications like entrectinib block the actions of certain enzymes, molecules, and proteins responsible for the growth and metastasis of cancer cells.
It is a true privilege to be a resource for families and other members of our community who are stepping up to be catalysts for change as we fight this crisis of childhood head and neck (HN) cancers. If there is any way we can help and support you or if you are interested in getting involved, we want to hear from you. The Pediatric Head and Neck (HN) Cancer Foundation may be reached at pediatricheadneckcancer@gmail.com.